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Apoyo Lagoon Natural Reserve
Laguna de Apoyo Nature Reserve (Spanish: ''Reserva Natural Laguna de Apoyo'') is a nature reserve located between the departments of Masaya and Granada in Nicaragua. Lake Apoyo was declared a nature reserve in 1991 and is managed by the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA) and comprises one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua.〔Decreto 42-91, La Gaceta 207, Nicaragua (1991). DECLARACION DE AREAS PROTEGIDAS EN VARIOS CERROS MACIZOS()〕 Geological data suggests that Lake Apoyo originated about 23,000 years ago.
==Flora and fauna==
The reserve houses a tropical dry forest ecosystem, within the reserve the flora consists of over 500 species of plants and tropical dry trees, such as pochote, black rosewood, mahogany, hogplum and guacuco, as well as a large variety and amount of orchids. The fauna consists of mammals such as Variegated Squirrels, opossums, anteaters, pacas, jaguarundis, Howler and White-faced Capuchin monkeys. As well as a variety of reptiles such as green iguanas and common boas. Over 230 species of birds have been documented in the reserve, oropendolas, falcons, hummingbirds, and 65 species of migratory birds are present. Two-hundred twenty species of butterflies have been documented in the reserve, including 25 first records for Nicaragua〔van Dort J & McCrary JK (2010):Lepidoptera de la Reserva Natural Laguna de Apoyo; Rev. Biodiv. AAPP 2:87-92.() 〕 and dozens of mollusks. Lake Apoyo also contains a variety of fish species, including six endemic species of cichlids in the genus ''Amphilophus''. One of these species is the arrow cichlid (''Amphilophus zaliosus''), described in 1976. Three additional species were described in 2008, by the multinational research team directed by the Nicaraguan NGO, FUNDECI/GAIA, which manages a research station on the shore of the lake.〔 Stauffer JR, Jr., McCrary JK, & Black KE (2008): Three new species of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from LakeApoyo, Nicaragua; PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON121(1):117–129()〕 Two additional species were discovered in 2010. 〔Geiger MF, McCrary JK, & Stauffer JR, Jr. (2010): Description of two new species of the Midas cichlid complex (Teleostei:Cichlidae) from Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua; PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON123(2):159–173()〕 The remaining two cichlids were only described in 2010.〔Dittmann, Roesti, Indermaur, Colombo, Gschwind, Keller, Kovac, Barluenga, Muschick, and Salzburger (2012). ''Depth-dependent abundance of Midas Cichlid fish (Amphilophus spp.) in two Nicaraguan crater lakes.'' Hydrobiologia 686(1): 277-285.〕 In addition to the endemics, three cichlids (''Parachromis managuense'', ''Oreochromis aureus'', and ''O. niloticus'') are found in the lake, but these were introduced by man.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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